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Second Position Clitics in the vP Phase: The Case of the Armenian Auxiliary

Abstract

Special clitics appear in a position that is different from the one favored by their associated full forms (Zwicky 1977). Linguistic analyses have identified two main categories of special clitics: (a) second-position or Wackernagel clitics that must appear as the second element in a clause (as in Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (henceforth, BCS), Czech, Cypriot, Pashto, and Tagalog); and (b) verb-adjacent clitics that take the verb as their host (as in Romance languages such as French, Spanish, and Catalan). The auxiliary verb in Eastern Armenian is a clitic that carries tense and agreement features and appears on seemingly unrelated elements within the clause in focus-neutral sentences. The auxiliary is a special clitic by virtue of the fact that it can appear in varying positions that a full-form verb cannot occupy. However, it appears to defy classification in the major known categories of special clitics: The auxiliary remains low in the main clause in neutral contexts and does not occupy the second position in the sentence. In addition, it does not have to be adjacent to the main verb.

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